Problem formulation and hypothesis testing for environmental risk assessments of genetically modified crops

Free access article

Issue		Environ. Biosafety Res. Volume 5, Number 3, July-September 2006


Page(s)		119 - 125
DOI		10.1051/ebr:2007004
Published online		17 March 2007

Environ. Biosafety Res. 5 (2006) 119-125
DOI: 10.1051/ebr:2007004

Problem formulation and hypothesis testing for environmental risk assessments of genetically modified crops

Alan Raybould

Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK

(Received November 17, 2006; accepted January 24, 2007; published online 17 April 2007)

Abstract - Environmental risk assessments can provide high confidence of minimal risk by testing theories, "risk hypotheses", that predict the likelihood of unacceptable harmful events. The creation of risk hypotheses and a plan to test them is called problem formulation. Effective problem formulation seeks to maximize the possibility of detecting effects that indicate potential risk; if such effects are not detected, minimal risk is indicated with high confidence. Two important implications are that artificial test conditions can increase confidence, whereas prescriptive data requirements can reduce confidence (increase uncertainty) if they constrain problem formulation. Poor problem formulation can increase environmental risk because it leads to the collection of superfluous data that may delay or prevent the introduction of environmentally beneficial products.

Key words: risk assessment / problem formulation / scientific method / certainty / data requirements

Corresponding author: alan.raybould@syngenta.com

© ISBR, EDP Sciences 2007

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